Designing a Fractional Order PID Controller for a Two-Area Micro-Grid under Uncertainty of Parameters

Increasing the number of microgrids has raised the complexity and nonlinearity of the power system and conventional controllers do not present acceptable efficiency in a wide range of operation points. In this study, a fractional order proportional–integral–derivative controller optimized with hybrid grey wolf-pattern search algorithm is used to control the frequency of each area of the microgrid and to control the power between the connected areas; such that the uncertainty of microgrid parameters is taken into account. The proposed controller is placed in the secondary loop of each microgrid. Suitable and robust operation against the uncertainty of microgrid parameters in simulators is demonstrated. The proposed controller iscompared with both a fractional order controller optimized with grey wolf algorithm and a PID controller, and suitable operation of the proposed controller, in terms of settling time reduction, and overshoot and undershoot reduction, is proven compared with other controllers